Césaire, Senghor and Damas were also influenced by the Haitian ethnologist Jean Price-Mars, who also developed the concept of Indigenism. Thus, Césaire considered Haiti the place “where négritude stood up for the first time” as the first black independent nation. As a result, the word “nègre” tends to be more accepted in French and has about one century of historical use in the literature, although it is still not mainstream.